Tuesday, July 1, 2025

Lex Anteinternet: Thursday, July 1, 1915. Synchronization Gear.

Lex Anteinternet: Thursday, July 1, 1915. Synchronization Gear.

Thursday, July 1, 1915. Synchronization Gear.

South African forces under Louis Botha defeated German colonial forces at the Battle of Otavi in German South West Africa with assistance from Canada, Great Britain, Portugal and Portuguese Angola. 

The Battle of Gully Ravine started at Gallipoli.  Two Victoria Cross awards would occur due to today's actions.

German fighter pilot Kurt Wintgens became the first person to shoot down a plane using a machine gun equipped with synchronization gear, starting the "Fokker Scourge".


Of the event, he wrote:

Dear Karl:

Unfortunately I gave you the wrong address last time, for during my voyage to Mühlhausen I got a different destination and for the time being I am with the Bavarian (unit) Abteilung 6b. Up to now nothing of real interest happened. In Mannheim I had tested the machine and then from Strasbourg by air to the Front, where lately a (Morane) Parasol fighter monoplane à la Garros had made its presence felt.

I had flown to the Front a couple of times without seeing an opponent, until yesterday evening when the big moment came. Time: 6:00 o'clock. Place: east of Lunéville. Altitude: between 2,000 and 2,500 m. Suddenly I notice a monoplane in front of me, about 300 m higher. And at the same moment he had already dived in front of me, fiercely firing his machine gun decently. But as I, at once, dived in an opposite direction under him, he missed wildly. After four attacks I reached his altitude in a large turn, and now my machine gun did some talking. I attacked at such a close distance that we looked each other into the face.

After my third attack he did the most stupid thing that he could do – he fled. I turned the crate on the spot and had him at once, beautifully, in my (gun)sight. Rapid fire for about four seconds, and down went his nose. I could follow him until 500 meters, then, unfortunately, I was fired upon from the ground too hotly; the fight (now) being far over the French lines. Hopefully, I'll soon meet a biplane.

Cordial greetings and so long,

Your friend,

— Kurt"

He'd be killed in action in September, 1916.

The US Navy started the Office of Naval Aeronautics.

The United States Forest Service combined the Jemez National Forest and Pecos National Forest in northern New Mexico to establish the Santa Fe National Forest, which luckily for us today was not hacked up to be sold by Sen. Mike Lee.

The Moapa National Forest was absorbed into the Toiyabe National Forest in Nevada, which fortunately Mike Lee has to keep his hands off of for the time being.

New York City established in the Child Welfare Board.

Blues great Willie Dixon was born.

Last edition:

Wednesday, June 30, 1915. Armenian massacre.

Lex Anteinternet: Monday, June 30, 1975. Changes in the Service.

Lex Anteinternet: Monday, June 30, 1975. Changes in the Service.

Thursday, June 26, 2025

WSGS Releases Public Information Circular on Airborne Geophysics in Wyoming

 

WSGS Newsletter - Header Logo

Wyoming State Geological Survey


June 26, 2025

******FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE******

Media Contact:

Bryce Tugwell, Media and Communications Manager

bryce.tugwell@wyo.gov
Wyoming State Geological Survey

Office: (307) 745-2236

Cell: (307) 703-0761

http://wsgs.wyo.gov 

 

WSGS Releases Public Information Circular on Airborne Geophysics in Wyoming


LARAMIE, Wyo. — A new publication from the Wyoming State Geological Survey (WSGS) discusses recent acquisition of airborne magnetic, radiometric, and electromagnetic surveys in Wyoming. Geophysical surveys are key tools for geological mapping, mineral exploration, evaluating geological hazards, and better understanding the distribution of groundwater in the subsurface.

Cover: Airborne Geophysics in Wyoming: Methods for Exploring Subsurface Geology“I can’t emphasize enough the importance of these baseline, high-quality, publicly available geophysical data,” says WSGS Director and State Geologist Dr. Erin Campbell. “With the completion of these surveys, approximately 20 percent of Wyoming will be covered by Rank 1 data that will allow for interpretation of the framework geology, furthering our understanding of the geologic structure and mineralogic composition of Wyoming.”

The majority of the recent geophysical surveys in Wyoming involve the simultaneous collection of magnetic and radiometric data. These magnetic and radiometric datasets are particularly useful for locating certain types of critical mineral deposits. The airborne geophysical surveys discussed in this publication are either completed, currently being flown, or will be flown in the near future.

“Collection of these data has been a productive collaboration between the USGS and the WSGS,” added Campbell. “Our geoscientists are working together to identify the highest-priority areas in Wyoming in need of Rank 1 geophysical data. We are pleased to see that the mineral industry is already using the datasets for exploration.”

Airborne geophysical surveys measure physical properties of the earth using instruments mounted in aircraft that fly over a predetermined survey area. Airborne magnetic surveys measure the total magnetic field intensity as the aircraft flies in evenly spaced lines over the ground surface. These surveys can detect magnetic signals emanating from deep within the earth’s crust. Magnetic surveys can effectively map otherwise hidden geological variation, along with locating deposits rich in magnetic minerals, commonly associated with critical mineral deposits. Radiometric surveys measure gamma radiation released through the radioactive decay of potassium, thorium, and uranium within the top few centimeters of the ground surface. This type of survey can be used to constrain surficial geologic processes, along with mapping exposures of certain types of mineral deposits.

Public Information Circular 49, Airborne Geophysics in Wyoming: Methods for Exploring Subsurface Geology, provides an update on the current status and geographic distribution of airborne geophysical surveys in Wyoming. The circular also provides a broad overview of how these geophysical data are collected, and what the various types of data represent. Lastly, the publication discusses geophysical data from completed and published geophysical surveys that cover the South Pass–Granite Mountains region and the Medicine Bow Mountains.

This circular is available for free download from the Wyoming State Geological Survey website. The published geophysical data discussed in this publication can be downloaded from the U.S. Geological Survey’s website (South Pass–Granite Mountains, Medicine Bow Mountains).

 

Cover of Airborne Geophysics in Wyoming: Methods for Exploring Subsurface Geology

Saturday, May 17, 2025

Air Force One.

Air Force One has been in the news a lot recently, and it  started before the Qatari proposal to give the United States, or Donald Trump (it isn't clear which) a luxury outfitted Boeing 747.

Technically "Air Force One" is a call sign, and merely denotes an airplane the Chief Executive is a passenger in.  If a President rode in an Air Force Cessna, that would be Air Force One.  But everyone knows that it refers to one of two Boeing VC-25s, militarized 747s, that are designated for the Presidents use.

RD-2

Interestingly, the first aircraft designated for Presidential use was a Navy airplane, an amphibious Douglas Dolphin RD-2 that was luxury outfitted for use by President Roosevelt.  It was used from 1933 to 1939, and obviously not for transglobal flight.  The President didn't really do extensive travel until World War Two.

Roosevelt's once used VC-54C.

In spite of concerns over commercial aviation being used to carry the President during the war, it was in fact used and it wasn 't until 1945 that a new designated Presidential aircraft was acquired, that being a  Secret Service reconfigured a Douglas C-54 Skymaster (VC-54C) which was named the Sacred Cow.  It contained a sleeping area, radiotelephone, and retractable battery-powered elevator to lift Roosevelt in his wheelchair. It's only use by Roosevelt was to fly the then dying President to Yalta.  Truman used it thereafter, but it was replaced by military DC-6 (VC-118) thereafter.

Truman's VC-118.

President Eisenhower, who of course knew planes well, to Lockheed C-121 Constellations, Columbine II and Columbine III. The Constellation was a very popular airplane at the time, and Douglas MacArthur also had one, that one spending many years after its service at the Natrona County International Airport on an abandoned runway.

Columbine II was the first Presidential aircraft to receive the designation Air Force One.

At the end of Eisenhower's Presidency Boeing 707s came in, in part because the Soviets were using a jet to transport their Premier.  707s remained through the Nixon era, giving good service in this role.

747s, as VC-25s, entered specialized manufacture for use as Air Force One during Reagan's administration, although the first one would enter service after that.  They've been used ever since.

These aren't normal 747s.  They are packed with communications and electronic warfare equipment in order to have combat survivability.  

Replacing the current two aircraft that are used as Air Force One is a topic that the Air Force started looking at quite a few years ago.  The 747 variant which the VC-25 isn't made anymore.  Production of 747s stopped in 2023 in favor of more modern aircraft.  Still, the airframe remains useful in this role, and after the Air Force started to look into options, updating a 747-8 appeared to be the best option.  Only Boeing was interested in the project anyway, and it will take a massive financial loss to do it.  

The aircraft that are being retrofitted for this role was built, originally, as a commercial airliner. The projected is a massive one, and the delivery date will be in 2027.

What the new Air Force Ones will look like.

Enter Qatar.

Qatar has offered to give the US (I guess) a luxury Boeing 747-8 for use as Air Force One until the other 747-8s are complete.  But here's the thing.  Boeing has been working on the complicated task fo converting the two existing 747-8s for this use for several years. After all, it's basically a combat aircraft.  All accepting the plane would do is give Boeing a third one to convert, which wouldn't be ready for years.

Trump is being childish about this, as he is about a lot of things.  He doesn't seem to grasp the nature of the aircraft, and likely a lot of other people don't as well.  In his case, this is inexcusable.  It's a combat airplane.

Frankly, it's a Cold War combat airplane.

Which gets to this.

The 747 was a big massive airliner in an era in which it was the queen of the sky. That era is over and airlines have moved on to more modern aircraft.  The world in which Ronald Reagan ordered 747s is gone as well.  It's still useful to have an aircraft that can be used in a global thermonuclear war, which is what it is, but that's not going to happen and it makes no sense to use it to go on weekend golfing trips to Florida.

But that's what Trump tends to use it for.

That raises an entire series of other questions, many of which have little to do with aircraft, but some of which do.  It's notable that other Presidents have used lighter aircraft for more mundane trips.  In November 1999, President Bill Clinton flew from Ankara, Turkey, to Cengiz Topel Naval Air Station outside Izmit, Turkey, aboard a marked C-20C.  In 2000, President Clinton flew to Pakistan aboard an unmarked Gulfstream III.  In 2003, President George W. Bush flew in the co-pilot seat of a Sea Control Squadron Thirty-Five (VS-35) S-3B Viking from Naval Air Station North Island, California to the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln, with that latter obviously being an exception. Barack Obama used a Gulfstream C-37 variant on a personal trip in 2009.

Trump can use something else than a 747 for what he uses Air Force One for in almost every single instance.

Indeed, the entire topic brings up a lot of things about the risks of having an airplane like this, a luxury airliner inside, which is really a combat aircraft.  It makes it easy to forget what it really is, and it makes a President feel like an Emperor, which he is not.

Thursday, May 8, 2025

Real ID at the NCIA

The Natrona County International Airport joined the US in ID paranoia by starting the Read ID requirements recently imposed nationally yesterday.

Thursday, April 17, 2025

Lex Anteinternet: Tuesday, April 17, 1945. Flak Bait.

Lex Anteinternet: Tuesday, April 17, 1945. Flak Bait.:   The B-26 Marauder Flak Bait, which completed 200 missions on this day. Winston Churchill eulogized the late Franklin Roosevelt in Parliame...

 

Tuesday, April 17, 1945. Flak Bait.

 

The B-26 Marauder Flak Bait, which completed 200 missions on this day.